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Uneven Development of the World Economy
Bílý, Boris ; Pavlínek, Petr (advisor) ; Ženka, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with inequalities within the Word economic development. The development is conceived in the context of world systems theory for the proper evaluation of this development. The question, whether there is a convergence or divergence across countries and groups of countries is an important question of contemporary studies of globalization. While proponents of modernization theory tend to say that countries converge, adherents of world systems theory mostly think the opposite. Another contribution of this work is the evaluation of economic development not based only on the production capabilities and growth. The approach is more complex and includes the development of the society as a whole. Therefore, Human development index was used for analysis and the researched period was set to 1980-2014 due to data availability. The analysis deals not only with inequalities between the parts of the world system, but partially also with inequalities within these parts. The theoretical part consists of discussion of the existing studies of world systems and economic development and explains the necessary terms and context. Practical part is made of own regionalization of the world into three parts of the world system (core, semiperiphery and periphery) based on criteria chosen according to...
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Remitence a ekonomický rozvoj v zemích jižní Asie a Latinské Ameriky
Kupka, Michal
Remittances have become a very important source of income in developing countries. The aim of the thesis is to identify the main impacts of remittances on economic development in South Asia and Latin America and to compare these impacts between these regions. The main impacts of remittances on economic development were identified by literature review. The available literature dealing with topic of remittances devotes the most space to impacts on gross domestic product, poverty, education, health and investment. Next, regression models were used to quantify and to find differences between identified main impacts. System GMM estimator was used to find impact on gross domestic product. Different effect of remittances on the growth of gross domestic product between regions was found. Using the OLS model, a different effect was found also in the case of the impact of remittances on poverty. The impact on education was the last impact analyzed. According to the OLS model, there is a larger difference in educational expenditure between remittance receiving households and households not receiving remittances in Latin America than in South Asia. The impact on health and investment has not been further investigated due to lack of data.
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Application of Related Variety Concept in Selected Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Meislová, Kristýna ; Blažek, Jiří (advisor) ; Skokan, Karel (referee)
The study deals with application of related variety concept and other evolutionary economic geography approaches in the economic landscape of postsocialist states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The goal was to define different types of variety and explore the relationship between these varieties and economic development in CEE countries between 1993 and 2009. The analysis is based on the theoretical and analytical framework presented in studies realized in the most developed countries of Western Europe. The important finding is that this kind of research allow to conclude that different types of variety influence the economic development, but some of the results are different from those in prior studies. The porfolio effect of unrelated variety was not confirmed. However, the results show strong evidence that related variety stimulates employment growth and usually contributes to GDP growth of CEE countries. The results also indicate, that high variety of related sectors could be crucial for future development of new industries (especially in Central Europe). Keywords: evolutionary economic geography, related and unrelated variety, economic development, Central and Eastern Europe
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Controversy about Šumava: Strengths and weaknesses of the ecological principle of consensus
Chomátová, Eliška ; Stöckelová, Tereza (advisor) ; Čermák, Daniel (referee)
The thesis is based on a qualitative research realized in summer 2008 in several municipalities in Šumava. Focus groups organized within this research aimed at the relationship of different stakeholders to the Šumava National Park and more generally to nature and environmentalist thoughts and actors. The research design and the data gathered are presented in the introduction. Then the theory of general principles of consensus is described, which serves as the main theoretical framework for the study of focus groups participants' arguments. Using particular arguments, I show that against the protection of nature as it is realized by Šumava National Park Authority, critical citizens build their arguments on values that are considered legitimate and important in Czech society. The next part of the thesis studies the ecological principle of consensus as a new general principle of consensus: I discuss the conditions for existence of such a principle, its form in the controversy about the management of Šumava and the implications its form can have, supporting broader acceptance of the principle or, on the contrary, its rejection. An important point there is the relationship between expertise and participation, which are, together with the concept of nature, main elements of the ecological principle of...
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Mapping Institutional Development: An Analysis of Deposit Insurance in Argentina
Lane, Dustin ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
72 Abstract This work analyzes the institutional evolution of Argentinian deposit insurance and how this evolution could be explained using the theoretical frameworks proposed by works both Acemoglu and Robinson and the works of Levitsky and Murillo. The study highlights how institutions develop over time within frameworks of political changes. In addition, the work highlights the theoretical gap in new institutional economics in relation to analyzing the development and evolution of institutions through time. In response to this theoretical gap this work proposes the use of new model to conceptualize how institutions interact at multiple levels of the institutional hierarchy and how independent institutional developments can be mapped within the institutional hierarchy as they develop through time. In the end it is the hope that the conceptualized model presented is the first step in developing a more practical and useful model for new institutional economics as it relates to economic development and the construction and implementation of development policies.
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A Panel Data Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa's Economic Growth
Hostačný, Jakub ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bobková, Božena (referee)
This thesis examines the relationship between real GDP per capita growth rate of Sub-Saharan Africa countries and various variables suggested by theoretical literature related to Solow model or endogenous growth theories. The set of most commonly used variables is further extended by additional variables which have not been given an ample attention in the context of analysis of SSA countries' economic growth so far. The econometric analysis uses unbalanced panel data set comprising annual observations on 45 SSA countries between 1980 and 2011 applying a simple pooled OLS and FE estimation. We also touch IV estimation to address endogeneity problem. Moreover, we test the sensitivity of parameter estimates. Along with the analysis of total set of SSA countries, we subgroup countries into 4 groups - oil exporters, middle-income countries, non-fragile low-income countries and fragile countries. We present results for each group. The results support the findings of earlier empirical studies related to most commonly variables associated with economic growth, except the negative effect of population growth rate and conditional convergence hypothesis. The analysis of additional factors reveals the strong relevance of latitude, colonial heritage and landlockedness, while no systematic effect of neither...
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve Framework: Europe 2020 Greenhouse Gases Target in the EU-15 states
Korba, Pavel ; Dózsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kraicová, Lucie (referee)
In the thesis, we examine the necessity and impacts of measures adopted under the greenhouse gas emissions target in the Europe 2020 growth strategy in the EU-15 states. For testing the necessity of the measures, we use the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as the theoretical framework, the Autoregressive distributed lag model as the econometrical technique and annual data from 1970 to 2010 (1991 to 2010 in the case of Germany). The existence of the EKC is detected in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. However, only in Denmark the EKC hypothesis is supported significantly (on ten percent level of significance). Following the main implication of the EKC hypothesis, only in Denmark is the economic development sufficient enough to safeguard environmental quality; therefore, no additional measures are needed. In the remaining states, we tested Granger causality using the Toda-Yamamoto procedure to inquire about the impacts of the measures on gross domestic product (GDP). Our results indicate that only in Austria, Germany (with caution due to a limited number of observations) and Ireland, the measures may impede economic development. In the remaining states, no causality or only a causality running from GDP...
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Economic development of the Canadian Arctic and the impact of mining on Inuit
Švecová, Marianna ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyses and compares three main periods of the economic development in the Canadian Arctic, starting from the years 1950's until the end of the administrative of Prime Minister Harper in 2015. Mining of natural resources, as the base of the North's development, has been seen by the federal government also as a tool for cultural assimilation of Inuit into the dominant society. Nevertheless, participation of Inuit in mining activities and in fact in the whole employment culture has had serious impact on Aboriginal communities who have never been consulted about the federal strategy. However, while the first phase of development is characterized by strict colonialist approach of the government, the situation started to change during the second phase, characterized by a rising of Inuit's political participation and their first demonstrations of discontent. Although during the third, neoliberal era, several new mechanisms in order to improve the dialogue between Inuit, mining companies and the government were accepted, social conditions in Inuit communities remain below the Canadian average and with the government "laissez-faire" attitude they are not to be changed any time soon.
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Islam and Economic Performance: A Meta-Analysis
Kratochvíla, Patrik ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
Islam and Economic Performance: A Meta-Analysis Patrik Kratochvíla June 28, 2021 Abstract The ongoing economic supremacy of the West has prompted debates on the ability of non-Christian religions to generate economic growth. The academic literature focusing on the Islamic religion o↵ers multiple answers, leaving the matter unresolved and with no definite conclusion. Based on a quantitative sur- vey of 315 estimates collected from 41 relevant academic studies, Islam exerts a positive and statistically significant e↵ect on economic growth in 40% of cases, a negative and statistically significant e↵ect in 10% of cases, and virtually zero e↵ect in 50% of cases. Tests for publication bias indicate slightly preferential reporting against negative estimates. When I correct for this bias, I find that the mean e↵ect of Islam on economic growth is positive but economically small. I also construct 79 moderator variables capturing methodological heterogeneity among the primary studies and apply the method of Bayesian model averaging to deal with model uncertainty in meta-analysis. The analysis shows that the heterogeneity in the results is primarily driven by di↵erences in the sample com- position and the choice of control variables, and to a lesser extent by estimation characteristics and proxies for Islam employed. 1
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